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1.
凡纳滨对虾血清凝集素、溶血素的特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的血清凝集素和溶血素部分特性的研究结果表明,凡纳滨对虾血清凝集素热稳定性较差,温度高于50℃时,活性呈明显减弱至无活性,其最适温度为25~45℃;最适pH为8~9;盐度为24~48时,凝集活性最强,当盐度超过48或者低于6时,凝集活性较差;凝集素活性能被浓度高于16 mmol/L(包括16 mmol/L)EDTA-Na2,D-葡萄糖,D-果糖及D-半乳糖完全抑制。Cu2 使凝集素的活性完全丧失,而Ca2 和Mg2 能使凝集活性明显增强。45~60℃时,溶血素活性逐渐增强,60℃时达到最高;当pH 6~9时,溶血素的活性较强;盐度为18~36时,能增强溶血素的活性;EDTA-Na2对溶血素的活性几乎无影响;Cu2 使溶血素丧失活性,Mg2 能增强溶血活性,Mn2 对溶血素的活性没有影响,而Ca2 和Ba2 对溶血素有轻微的抑制作用。 相似文献
2.
以实验室单种培养的强壮前沟藻为对象,研究了强壮前沟藻毒素的来源,分析了藻毒素浓度与溶血活性的相关性,研究了理化因子对藻毒素溶血活性的影响。结果表明,溶血活性随着强壮前沟藻细胞的增殖呈上升的趋势,细胞内容物和细胞碎片的溶血活性显著高于去藻过滤液,强壮前沟藻毒素主要来源于衰亡期的细胞内容物和细胞碎片,并存在浓度相关的溶血性。强壮前沟藻毒素的溶血活性不存在光敏感性。随着pH的上升,毒素溶血活性呈降低趋势。Ca2+、Mn2+、Cu2+抑制了强壮前沟藻毒素溶血活性,而Co2+、Zn2+显著的增强了溶血活性,Mg2+对其溶血活性的影响不显著。EDTA对强壮前沟藻毒素的溶血活性有显著的促进作用。 相似文献
3.
对一株分离自深海热液口的超嗜热古菌(Thermococcus sp.HJ21)菌株进行了α-淀粉酶发酵条件的优化和酶学性质的研究.该菌株发酵9h后到达产酶高峰,产酶温度范围为60-90℃,其最适产酶温度为80℃.产酶pH范围为5.0-9.0,最适产酶pH为7.5.产酶NaCl浓度范围为0.5-4.0%,2.5%为最适宜NaCI浓度.糖原、淀粉、麦芽糖、酵母膏和蛋白胨促进产酶.该菌株产生的α-淀粉酶的分子量为51.4 kDa,酶的最适作用温度为95℃,在100℃仍有60%的酶活力.酶在90℃的半衰期为5 h,在100℃ 2 h仍有40%的残余酶活,酶的热稳定性不依赖Ca2+.酶的最适作用pH为5.0,pH 4.5仍有80%的酶活力,pH在5.5-7.0较稳定(80℃ 4 h).金属离子1 mmol/L的Mg2+、Co2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、K+、Na+对酶有激活作用,Cu2+、Pb2+、Hg2+、zn2+、Al3+对该酶均有抑制作用. 相似文献
4.
5.
为了探讨对虾N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(EC3.2.1.52,NAGase)的分离纯化及其酶学性质,作者以中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)体壁为材料,通过硫酸铵沉淀分级分离、SephadexG-100柱层析和DEAE-32离子交换柱层析纯化,获得聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳纯的N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶酶制剂,纯化酶比活力为3938.56U/mg。通过SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳,测得该酶亚基分子量为48.88 kD。酶的最适pH为6.0,最适温度为45℃;该酶在pH 6.0~9.0区域较稳定,温度稳定性范围是20~35℃,45℃下处理1 h酶活力丧失65.04%。酶水解对硝基苯-N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷的Km为0.229 mmol/L,Vmax为5.00μmol/(L·min)。进一步研究金属离子对酶活力的影响,结果表明:Li+、Na+和Ba2+对酶没有明显影响,Mg2+、Ca2+、Mn2+、Co2+、Fe3+和Al3+对酶均有不同程度的激活作用,Cu2+、Zn2+和Pb2+对酶呈抑制作用,1.0 mmol/L Hg2+对酶呈激活作用,而10 mmol/L Hg2+使酶活力降低42.37%。 相似文献
6.
分别自沙蜇和白色霞水母提取刺丝囊毒素蛋白,以小鼠皮下结缔组织细胞(A9)和人横纹肌瘤细胞(A-673)为受试对象,比较两种水母的刺丝囊毒素蛋白对其的细胞毒性,以期为评估和管理两种水母的毒害风险提供科学依据。结果显示:沙蜇和白色霞水母刺丝囊毒素对培养中的A9和A-673细胞存活率都具有抑制作用,且该抑制作用呈显著的时间和剂量依赖性。白色霞水母刺丝囊毒素对A9和A-673细胞毒性的半数效应浓度(如:对A9和A-673的EC50-24h分别为49.8μg/mL和43.6μg/mL)低于沙蜇刺丝囊毒素的半数效应浓度(如:对A9和A-673的EC50-24h分别为78.0μg/mL和70.1μg/mL);两种水母毒素对A-673或A9的细胞毒性强于已报道的根口类和旗口类水母毒素对哺乳动物肺、肝、血管平滑肌、神经、乳腺等的细胞毒性。由此可见,白色霞水母刺丝囊毒素的细胞毒性更强,横纹肌、结缔组织对水母刺丝囊毒素作用敏感。研究结果对于评估水母毒害风险和制定防护对策有重要意义。 相似文献
7.
以从海南三亚近海海水中采集的样品为研究对象,利用平板筛选法筛到一株产酯酶的中度嗜盐菌菌株LYG1-1。通过形态学、生理生化及16S rRNA序列分析,发现该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,其最适生长温度为30℃,最适生长pH为7.5,最适NaCl浓度为10%。16S rRNA基因序列分析显示,菌株LYG1-1与Halomonas salina亲缘性最近,16S rRNA基因序列相似性为99.72%。在含10%NaCl的0.05mol·L-1Tris-HCl(pH 8.0)缓冲液中,45℃条件下作用,酶活性最高,40℃处理24h仍保持83%的活性。金属离子浓度为5mmol·L-1时,Ca2+、Mg2+对菌株LYG1-1酶活具有明显的激活作用,Hg2+表现出强烈的抑制作用。 相似文献
8.
海藻工具酶研究Ⅱ.褐藻酸酶的制备、性质及对裙带菜细胞的解离研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
褐藻酸降解菌埃氏交替单胞菌(Alteromonas espejiana)菌株Al01,通过发酵培养制备褐藻酸酶.该酶作用的最适pH为7.0,最适温度为40℃,最适底物浓度为1%～2%;在离子浓度为0.5mmol/dm3时,Mn2+对酶促反应稍有促进作用,Ca2+、Hg2+则有明显的抑制作用.该酶用于裙带菜单细胞和原生质体解离时,以酶液组成为褐藻酸酶1%、纤维素酶1%,45×10-3的NaC1为渗透剂,酶解温度25℃,pH7.0,酶解3-4h效果最好. 相似文献
9.
海洋生境芽孢杆菌(Bacillus spp.)的培养条件及产生的胞外抗菌蛋白 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
测试了4株海洋芽孢杆菌的培养条件对其产生抗菌蛋白的影响;提取的粗蛋白的性质以及对6种病原指示菌的抑菌活性,结果表明,4株海洋芽孢杆菌在2216E,EMB,CM培养液;15～35℃;NaCl浓度0%～5%;pH3～9的条件下均能生长,适宜生长温度20～28℃;NaCl浓度1%～3%;pH5～8.菌株分别培养84～108h抑菌活性最强.(NH4)2SO4沉淀抗菌粗蛋白的最适饱和度为50%～70%.粗蛋白对病原菌尤其对病原真菌具有强烈的抑制作用.粗蛋白性质稳定,对高温和蛋白酶不敏感. 相似文献
10.
为了解河流弧菌对牙鲆表皮黏液的黏附特性,采用3H-TdR同位素示踪方法研究了细菌浓度、孵育时间、孵育温度、pH值、阳离子、碳水化合物等因子对河流弧菌黏附作用的影响。试验结果表明:河流弧菌能很好地黏附于牙鲆表皮黏液,黏附量随菌浓度升高而增大并符合饱和黏附动力学:y=417.89ln(x)+691.57(R2=0.986);在30℃下黏附量随着孵育时间的延长而增加,180min趋于饱和;孵育温度在4~30℃范围内黏附量随温度升高而增多,30℃时黏附量最大;pH值酸性较碱性黏附作用明显,pH为5时最强;NaCl浓度在0.5%~4.5%范围内,细菌黏附作用随着浓度升高而增强,较纯水存在显著性差异(P<0.05);Ca2+,Mg2+能显著加强河流弧菌的黏附作用,但Ca2+作用明显超过Mg2+;葡萄糖等8种碳水化合物能显著促进河流弧菌的黏附作用(P<0.05)。以上结果说明:河流弧菌对牙鲆表皮黏液的黏附量较大,这有利于进一步感染、致病;河流弧菌的黏附作用受温度、pH值、阳离子、碳水化合物等多种环境因子的影响,较高的水温有利于河流弧菌的黏附,有利于疾病的发生。 相似文献
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
15.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
16.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
17.
The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献
18.
E. L. Vinogradova 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):483-492
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers. 相似文献
19.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1... 相似文献
20.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献