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α-1,4-葡聚糖裂解酶的动力学性质研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sun Xue 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(Z1):230-236
红藻中的α-1,4-葡聚糖裂解酶是红藻淀粉的降解酶,除了 红藻淀粉外,它还可以作用于多种底物。文中分别以PNPG和可溶性淀粉作底物,以龙须菜的 几个品系作为材料,研究了该酶促反应的动力学方面的性质。以 PNPG作为底物,该酶在60m in内酶促反应速度与保温时间成线性关系;在野生型龙须菜品系中该酶的最适反应温度是50 ℃,在两种突变型品系中是40℃;最适pH范围在4.4～5.5;底物浓度是4mmol/L时达到最大反 应速度;葡萄糖对该酶促反应有明显的抑制作用。以可溶性淀粉作为底物,在反应60 min内 酶反应速度与保温时间成线性关系;最适反应温度为50℃;最适pH范围在5.0～5.8;底物浓 度是8mg/mL时达到最大反应速度;葡萄糖对可溶性淀粉的抑制作用比对PNPG的弱。 相似文献
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用壳聚糖酶降解法对壳聚糖进行降解制备壳低聚糖，研究了温度、pH、底物浓度、脱乙酰度、反应时间对酶促反应的影响。对酶解产物进行HPLC分析，用Bio—Gel P-4柱对酶解产物进行初步分离。结果表明，壳聚糖酶降解壳聚糖的最适温度为45℃，pH为6．0，最适底物质量分数为6％，脱乙酰度越高酶解反应所得产物的数均相对分子质量越小，24h后酶解反应达到平衡，酶解产物壳寡糖水溶性极好。P-4柱分离得到聚合度20以上，10～20，10以下3种壳寡糖。 相似文献
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不结球白菜叶片壳聚糖酶的理化特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过不结球白菜叶片壳聚糖酶对壳聚糖的降解,研究了温度、pH、时间及金属离子等对此壳聚糖酶的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖酶的最适温度为45℃,最适pH为5.5,酶促反应速度在6 h内达到最大值;Mn2 和Cu2 对壳聚糖酶促反应分别起到促进和抑制的作用。经薄板层析分析证实,壳聚糖酶降解壳聚糖为低聚物。 相似文献
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海藻工具酶研究Ⅱ.褐藻酸酶的制备、性质及对裙带菜细胞的解离研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
褐藻酸降解菌埃氏交替单胞菌(Alteromonas espejiana)菌株Al01,通过发酵培养制备褐藻酸酶.该酶作用的最适pH为7.0,最适温度为40℃,最适底物浓度为1%～2%;在离子浓度为0.5mmol/dm3时,Mn2+对酶促反应稍有促进作用,Ca2+、Hg2+则有明显的抑制作用.该酶用于裙带菜单细胞和原生质体解离时,以酶液组成为褐藻酸酶1%、纤维素酶1%,45×10-3的NaC1为渗透剂,酶解温度25℃,pH7.0,酶解3-4h效果最好. 相似文献
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吸附交联法和包埋法固定壳聚糖酶的比较研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用吸附交联和包埋法对假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)CUY8产壳聚糖酶进行固定,并对游离壳聚糖酶和2种固定化酶的特性进行比较。游离壳聚糖酶的最佳pH值为5.0,最佳温度为55℃;采用吸附交联方法所获得的壳聚糖酶的最佳pH值为4.0,最佳温度65℃;采用包埋法获得的壳聚糖酶的最佳pH值为5.5,最佳温度为35℃。壳聚糖游离酶,吸附壳聚糖酶和交联壳聚糖酶的米氏常数依次分别为1.92 mg/mL,14.71 mg/mL和5.91 mg/mL;半衰期为18 d,45 d和37 d。实验结果显示,采用吸附交联法所得的壳聚糖酶的半衰期是最长的。 相似文献
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壳聚糖酶的分离纯化及性质研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以本实验室分离的产壳聚糖酶YJ02菌株出发,制备壳聚糖酶发酵液,经离心、(NH4)2SO4分级盐析、Q-SepharoseFast Flow阴离子交换、Sephacry S-100凝胶过滤分离纯化步骤,SDS-PAGE显示为一条带,壳聚糖酶纯化了28.9倍,收率为47.6%。该酶的性质研究表明,该酶的分子量为66.2KD,最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应pH为6.0;Mn2 对酶活力有明显的促进作用,Cu2 ,Fe3 ,Hg2 对酶活力有抑制作用;小分子有机物EDTA和SDS对酶活力有抑制作用,而IAA和β-巯基乙醇对酶活力稍有促进作用。该壳聚糖酶对高脱乙酰度壳聚糖底物水解作用强,酶解位点可能为NGlc-NGlc,酶最大反应速度Vmax=4.1μmol/min,常数Km为64mmol/L。此壳聚糖酶水解壳聚糖制备的壳寡糖数均分子量为2 400Da。 相似文献
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木瓜蛋白酶降解甲壳胺的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用一种木瓜蛋白酶过甲壳胺进行降解。研究了酶用量、pH值、温度、时间四个因素对反应的影响。其中,温度的影响作用显著,时间具有较小的影响作用(pH:3.0～6.0;温度:30°～60℃;时间:2～8h)。实验结果表明降解反应不遵循简单的动力模式。在pH4.0、40°C、8h、1.5mg/mL木瓜蛋白酶的条件下,分子量为(5～10)×105时用甲壳胺可容易地被木瓜蛋白酶降解为高度解聚的甲壳胺。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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