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中华乌塘鳢肌肉的生化成分和能值 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
测定了中华包塘鳢肌肉的水分、蛋白质、旨肪、碳水化合物等生经成分和能值，分析了其氨基酸的种类组成和含量。结果表明：（１）中华乌塘鳢肌肉中的蛋白质含量很高，占干重的８２．０１％－８７．８０％，脂类含量低，只有３．７７％－７．５０％；（２）中华乌塘鳢的比能值及能量与蛋白质的比值较低，分别为４．４９３－５。１９９ｋＪ／ｇ鲜重和２５．７９７－２８．３１４ｋＪ／ｇ；（３）蛋白质中氨基酸的种类齐全，含量高其中成 相似文献
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本文研究青蛤Cyclina sinensis软体部重量和三种生化组分含量的季节变化。结果表明:6-9月,随着性腺的发育,青蛤标准动物(壳长34mm±0.4)软体部干重、蛋白质和脂类含量逐渐增大。8月,软体部干重和含脂量达一年中最高值,雌、雄个体含脂量分别为75.7mg和74.6mg。而软体部蛋白质含量最高值出现在产卵前的9月份,雌、雄个体蛋白质含量分别为226.6mg和303.7mg。雌性个体碳水化合物含量在这期间无显著变化,雄性个体则升高。从10月上旬开始,随着配子的排放,软体部干重、蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物含量急剧下降至一年最低值。11月后又逐渐恢复至初春水平。软体部碳水化合物含量在12—1月较高,出现一年的第二个高峰。作者认为,碳水化合物是冬季青蛤代谢的主要能源。 相似文献
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南极冰藻生化组成及其与低温适应性关系的研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
对4种南极冰藻(2种单细胞绿藻——Pyramimonas sp．和绿藻L4，以及2种硅藻——硅藻Hl和H2)的蛋白质、脂肪、糖、无机元素含量和组成，灰分含量，以及氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成等的基本生化组成进行测定。结果表明，4种冰藻的蛋白质含量均高于常温藻，蛋白质含量以绿藻L4的含量最高，为45．18％；Pyramimonas sp．的蛋白质含量最低为27．70％。4种冰藻的脂肪含量均高于常温藻，为14．02％～l9．89％；总糖含量为4．7％～l6．3％，与常温藻含量接近。Mg的含量在冰藻和常温藻的无机元素中都为最高，为13600～l24000mg／kg，但4种冰藻的含量均低于2种常温藻；4种冰藻的灰分含量均低于常温藻，表明冰藻含有更高的有机成分。冰藻的氨基酸含量与常温藻的含量没有明显不同，但绿藻L4含有较高含量的羟脯氨酸，占总氨基酸含量的2．48％。4种冰藻的脂肪酸组成，主要以多不饱和脂肪酸为主。冰藻的基本生化组成在一定程度上反映了冰藻对生存环境的适应性，并且完全符合作为水产养殖饵料的营养要求。 相似文献
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提要采用生化测定方法对不同规格瘤背石磺的肌肉指数、肌肉中常规生化成分、氨基酸组成、脂类和脂肪酸组成进行了系统的研究。结果表明:(1)随着体重的增加,瘤背石磺的肌肉指数和肌肉的蛋白质含量均呈下降趋势,而脂肪和碳水化合物含量呈上升趋势,大规格组瘤背石磺肌肉中的蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物含量分别为55.20%、9.10%和17.38%。(2)随着体重的增加,肌肉中的氨基酸总量呈显著下降趋势。成体瘤背石磺肌肉中检测出17种氨基酸,其中含有9种人体必需氨基酸,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸为瘤背石磺肌肉中的主要鲜味氨基酸,除蛋氨酸+胱氨酸和色氨酸外,其余必需氨基酸含量均符合FAO/WHO/UNU(1985)的理想模式。(3)不同规格组瘤背石磺肌肉中的脂类和脂肪酸组成接近,肌肉中磷脂含量达80%以上,肌肉中的脂肪酸组成平衡(S∶M∶P接近于1∶1∶1),成体n3-PUFA/n6-PUFA值为1.0左右,而∑PUFA和∑HUFA分别达30.53%和21.78%。 相似文献
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4种海洋单胞藻生化组成的环境因子效应研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
在实验室模拟条件下,应用14C示踪法测定4种海洋单胞藻的光合作用速率,研究光、温度和营养盐等环境因子对藻类细胞生化组成的影响.结果表明,三角褐指藻、盐藻、中肋骨条藻和等鞭金藻适宜生长的光强范围为5.8×103～15×103lx.4种单胞藻光合作用速率随光强增加而增大,其中盐藻和等鞭金藻的光响应比较明显.随光强增加,4种单胞藻细胞的碳水化合物含量及其变化量呈增加趋势,而蛋白质含量及其变化量则减少,脂类含量变化很小.三角褐指藻、盐藻、中肋骨条藻和等鞭金藻最适生长温度分别为:14、26、21、26℃左右.在上述4个实验温度时,4种单胞藻光合作用速率最高,细胞内的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂类含量及其变化量也达到最大值.三角褐指藻、盐藻、中肋骨条藻和等鞭金藻光合作用过程的表观活化能(E)分别为:23.2、38.5、22.4和61.7KJ/mol,温度系数(Q10)分别为:1.74、1.74.1.38和1.69.三角褐指藻和中肋骨条藻在氮磷比(N/P)为16时,盐藻和等鞭金藻在氮磷比为28时,光合作用速率最大.在N/P为16时,4种单胞藻细胞内的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂类含量和变化量均达到最大值. 相似文献
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硒对钝顶螺旋藻生长的影响及其在细胞中的累积和分布 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文研究了硒对纯顶螺旋藻（Spirulinaplatensis）生长的影响及其在细胞生化组成中的分布。结果表明,当硒浓度低于50mg／dm3时,对钝顶螺旋藻生长的抑制作用不明显,在低浓度下（＜10mg／dm3）可促进其生长;当硒浓度超过50mg／dm3时则起抑制作用,高浓度对藻体起毒害作用。藻细胞中总硒含量与培养液中的硒浓度有关,在0～40mg／dm3范围内,硒含量随着培养液中硒浓度的增加而增加：从0mg／dm3的2．50×10-5（m／m,dw）到40mg／dm3的231．45×10-6（m／m,dw）,至50mg／dm3,又开始降低为174.26×10-6（m／m,dw）;硒在S．platensis生化组成中的分布,以蛋白质含量为最高,可达总硒的49．22％～71．49％,而脂类及碳水化合物-氨基酸中的含量则较低,分别为总硒含量的3．59％～6．18％和1．45％～2．56％,硒在各组成中的含量与培养液中的硒浓度有关,其变化趋势与总硒含量的一致。 相似文献
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本文采用连续培养方法,在光暗周期下研究了一种海洋硅藻——伪矮海链藻(Thalassiosira pseudonana 3H)的荧光特性和生化组成与营养盐的关系。研究结果表明,随着营养盐缺乏程度的加剧,藻类荧光增强比、细胞叶绿素a、蛋白质含量均降低,而荧光产额、DCMU增强荧光产额、细胞碳水化合物含量、碳水化合物/叶绿素a、蛋白质 叶绿素a、碳水化合物/蛋白质比值均升高。但是,取样时间和生长光强不同时,各参数随营养状态变化而改变的幅度也各不相同。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献