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1.
以初始质量(5.28±0.03)g的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicas Selenka)为实验对象,进行为期56d的摄食生长实验。在基础饲料中分别添加0、0.25%、0.50%、1.00%和2.00%的壳寡糖(Chitosan oligosaccharide,COS),配制成5种实验饲料,研究壳寡糖对仿刺参生长、免疫反应和抗病力的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加了壳寡糖后,刺参的特定生长率呈上升趋势,但与对照组无显著性差异(P0.05)。饲料中添加壳寡糖对刺参体腔细胞吞噬活性的影响不显著(P0.05),而显著提高了刺参体腔细胞的呼吸爆发活力(P0.05)。饲料中添加0.50%的壳寡糖可显著提高刺参体腔细胞的一氧化氮合酶活性(P0.05)。刺参体腔细胞内酸性磷酸酶活性呈下降趋势,其中0.50%壳寡糖添加组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。攻毒实验表明,饲料中添加壳寡糖对提高抵抗灿烂弧菌的能力无明显作用(P0.05)。综合比较表明,饲料中添加壳寡糖,对刺参的生长和抵抗灿烂弧菌的能力有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
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利用壳寡糖氨基与γ-氨基丁酸羧基发生酰胺化反应合成新型壳寡糖-氨基丁酸衍生物,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振光谱(NMR)等对合成的衍生物进行结构表征。以小麦种子为材料,各样品对小麦种子进行浸种处理后干旱胁迫培养到两叶一心,测定小麦生理生化指标,评价新型衍生物的抗旱作用。结果表明,新型壳寡糖γ-氨基丁酸衍生物成功合成,并且对干旱胁迫下小麦生理生化指标有明显的影响,衍生物明显降低了小麦幼苗叶片的丙二醛含量和细胞膜透性,缓解了干旱胁迫对小麦细胞膜的损伤,增加可溶性糖含量进而增强小麦植物对土壤中水分的吸收能力,减少了干旱胁迫对生理代谢的影响。总之,成功合成了具有较强诱导小麦抗旱作用的新型壳寡糖γ-氨基丁酸衍生物,为新型植物抗逆诱导剂的开发提供了思路。 相似文献
3.
壳寡糖对绝经后骨质疏松症模型大鼠骨质量作用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨壳寡糖(Chitooligosaccharide COS)对绝经后骨质疏松症模型大鼠骨质量的影响,研究壳寡糖对绝经后骨质疏松症模型大鼠骨组织微观结构的保护作用,为壳寡糖在预防和治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的广泛应用提供理论依据。通过切除3月龄雌性大鼠两侧卵巢建立绝经后骨质疏松症动物模型,并灌服不同剂量的壳寡糖。收集骨组织标本,分别进行骨密度、骨矿元素含量、骨组织生物力学、骨组织形态学、骨组织形态计量学的测定。结果显示:中、低剂量壳寡糖能够显著提高股骨干骺的骨密度,增加Ca,Mg元素在股骨、胫骨中的含量,保护胫骨远端的微观结构,提高骨小梁体积百分比和宽度,显著降低骨小梁的分离度以及平均矿化率;中剂量壳寡糖可显著提高股骨最大载荷和最大弯曲力。说明低分子量的壳寡糖能显著改善绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠的高转换状态。 相似文献
4.
壳寡糖对大菱鲆生长和免疫功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以基础饲料中添加500mg/kg壳寡糖(Chitosan oligosaccharide,COS)喂养初始体质量为(12.2±0.01)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)8周,研究COS对大菱鲆生长、血清免疫相关酶活性和抵抗迟缓爱德华氏菌感染能力的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加壳寡糖后,大菱鲆成活率得到提高,特定生长率和增重率分别提高了15.79%和25.26%。相比对照组,饲料中添加壳寡糖饲养的大菱鲆血液中性粒细胞的吞噬指数提高了4.51%,酸性磷酸酶活性提高了32.89%,同时,大菱鲆抵抗迟缓爱德华氏菌感染的免疫保护力显著增强(P<0.05)。研究表明,在饲料中添加壳寡糖能够提高大菱鲆的生长、非特异性免疫功能和免疫保护力。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究壳寡糖对花鲈（Lateolabrax japonicus）幼鱼生长，肠道消化，血清生化指标及肠道菌群的影响。本试验选用360尾规格一致的花鲈幼鱼（19.37 g左右）为研究对象。壳寡糖饲料添加浓度设为6组:0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%。设3个平行组，养殖周期45 d。结果显示:（1）生长性能:添加0.6%和0.8%两组的增重率、特定生长率与对照组相比有提高（P>0.05）；（2）肠道消化酶:添加0.6%~1.0%的壳寡糖显著（P<0.05）提高胰蛋白酶活性，0.4%~0.8%的壳寡糖显著（P<0.05）提高了脂肪酶活性；（3）肠道菌群:0.6%~1.0%的壳寡糖显著降低了沙门氏菌数量（P<0.05），大肠杆菌的数量在0.8%时显著降低（P<0.05），双歧杆菌的数量在0.2%~0.6%时显著增加（P<0.05）；（4）血清生化指标:壳寡糖显著提高血清总蛋白和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量（P<0.05）；（5）血清非特异性免疫:添加0.6%的壳寡糖显著降低丙二醛（P>0.05），0.2%的壳寡糖增强超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化物酶活性，添加壳寡糖使溶菌酶的活性显著增强（P<0.05）。研究结果表明:饲料中添加0.6%~0.8%的壳寡糖对花鲈幼鱼生长性能、血脂及肠道健康影响效果最佳。 相似文献
6.
本实验采用2×3双因子实验设计,分别在基础饲料中添加0(对照)、0.5×107和1.0×107/g枯草芽孢杆菌,在每个枯草芽孢杆菌添加水平分别添加0(对照)、0.3%和0.6%的壳寡糖,配制出9种等氮等能的实验饲料,在海水浮式网箱中进行为期70 d的实验,探讨饲料中枯草芽孢杆菌和壳寡糖的添加对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)血清免疫指标的影响。实验结果表明,在每个枯草芽孢杆菌水平下,饲料中添加0.3%和0.6%的壳寡糖显著提高了大黄鱼幼鱼血清溶菌酶的活性(P<0.05),而对大黄鱼血清替代途径补体活力,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力没有显著性影响。在每个壳寡糖水平,饲料中枯草芽孢杆菌的添加对大黄鱼血清免疫指标的影响不显著。饲料中枯草芽孢杆菌和壳寡糖对大黄鱼幼鱼血清免疫指标的影响不存在交互作用。总的来说,饲料中添加一定量的壳寡糖(0.3%～0.6%)在一定程度上影响了大黄鱼幼鱼的非特异性免疫反应。 相似文献
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8.
本研究应用具有不同电荷性的褐藻寡糖(ADO)和壳寡糖(COS)处理大麦种子,探索在相同条件下不同浓度的海洋寡糖对大麦幼苗生长情况及生理特性的影响。生长指标包括苗长、根长、苗重及根重,以及对大麦种子淀粉酶活力和叶绿素含量的影响。试验结果表明:当ADO和COS处理浓度分别为0.5%和0.025%时,大麦的各项生长指标、种子淀粉酶活力及叶绿素含量均达到最大值,与对照组相比显著增加(P<0.05)。2种海洋寡糖均是具有独特生理活性的分子片段,分子量大小相近,但基于2种寡糖分子结构的不同,造成在对大麦的促生长方面存在差异性,为以后2种海洋寡糖的合理开发利用提供了参考。 相似文献
9.
壳寡糖对虹鳟幼鱼肠道菌群影响的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
研究壳寡糖对虹鳟幼鱼肠道菌群的影响。以5 g左右的虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)幼鱼为实验对象,在其饲料中分别添加浓度为20 mg.kg-1(COS20组),40 mg.kg-1(COS40组),60 mg.kg-1(COS60组)的壳寡糖,另设1组不加壳寡糖的对照组(COS0组)。在养殖56 d后,对肠道菌群的数量、组成,利用壳寡糖作为惟一碳源的肠道细菌以及虹鳟幼鱼抗嗜水气单胞菌感染情况进行了检测。结果显示,各组虹鳟幼鱼肠内细菌的总数之间没有显著差异(p>0.05),但各组的肠道优势菌有所变化:COS20组的为棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium),COS40组的为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)和气单胞菌属(Aeromonas),而COS60组和COS0组的虽然均为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),但在比例上有差异,而且各实验组肠道菌群的多样性降低,肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)减少或消失了,说明壳寡糖对虹鳟幼鱼肠道菌群的组成产生了影响。另外,各实验组能够利用壳寡糖作为惟一碳源的菌株数量多于对照组,尤其是COS40组和COS60组,这种差异表明,能够利用壳寡糖作为惟一碳源的菌株数量受到壳寡糖及其浓度的影响。抗感染实验结果表明,壳寡糖能够提高虹鳟幼鱼抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的能力。 相似文献
10.
体外培养兔角膜上皮细胞和基质细胞,采用显微观察和MTT相结合的方法分析低分子量氨基糖(包括壳寡糖(chitosan)、羧甲基壳寡糖(Carboxymethyl chitosan oligosaccharide)、羧甲基甲壳寡糖(Carboxymethyl chitin oligosaccharide)、N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(N-acetyl-glucosamine))对细胞生长的影响。结果在0~1000μg/mL浓度范围内4种氨基糖对角膜上皮细胞和基质细胞均没有细胞毒性,且均能促进角膜上皮细胞的生长,以壳寡糖和羧甲基甲壳寡糖效果最佳,二者与对照组相比均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。壳寡糖、羧甲基甲壳寡糖和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖能明显促进角膜基质细胞的生长,与对照组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05),其中壳寡糖的促进作用最明显。提示低分子量氨基糖可适用于角膜细胞促生长的培养,为壳聚糖衍生物材料用于眼科研究提供一定的实验依据。 相似文献
11.
采用氧化降解和酶降解两种方法制备壳寡糖.并对降解产物的氨基质量分数变化,平均分子质量进行了分析和测定.结果表明,氧化降解法降解速率快,降解产物的平均分子质量都低于2 ku,但降解产物的氨基质量分数均有部分损失;酶法降解产物的氨基含量基本没有损失,但酶法降解的时间较长,得到的产物平均分子质量较高.分别采用木瓜蛋白酶和纤维素酶时壳聚糖进行降解,经过24 h降解,平均分子质量从630 ku分别降至43 ku和25 ku左右,表明纤维素酶的水解能力强于木瓜蛋白酶. 相似文献
12.
海洋石油降解菌剂在大连溢油污染岸滩修复中的应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对海洋石油降解菌群DC10的降解特性进行了研究,研制了基于该菌群的降解菌剂,并用于大连实际溢油岸滩生物修复实验,考察了降解菌剂对潮间带和潮上带油污的降解作用,通过分析C17/藿烷、C18/藿烷及总烷烃和总芳烃的降解率来评价其降解效果。降解菌群DC10在实验室条件下对石油的降解率高于各组成菌株,一周时间的石油降解率比对照提高了60%左右,能降解大部分的烷烃和芳烃。以DC10冻干菌粉辅以营养盐溶液研制降解菌剂,该菌剂在大连岸滩油污生物修复试验中显示出显著的降解效果。在为期12 d的潮间带油污生物修复试验中,喷洒菌剂处理的C17/藿烷和C18/藿烷降解率相对于自然风化处理分别提高了40%和30%,而总烷烃和总芳烃降解率分别提高了80%和72%。在为期85 d的潮上带油污生物修复试验中,从C17/藿烷和C18/藿烷的降解率来看,喷洒菌剂处理对油污的降解程度仅略高于自然风化,但总烷烃和总芳烃的降解率分别提高了近30%和20%。 相似文献
13.
海马齿是一种热带和亚热带盐生植物, 既是传统野生菜蔬, 也在海岸带生态修复中发挥重要作用。北移种植海马齿进行生态修复时, 越冬低温的影响是成功与否的首要关注问题, 其机制尚待解明。脂肪酸在生物耐受低温中发挥作用, 挥发性有机物与脂肪酸代谢关系密切。本研究利用海湾环境中生态修复浮床上的海马齿样品, 重点解析北移种植环境下, 海马齿植株不同部位受越冬影响前后的脂肪酸和挥发性有机物的组成、差异及变化特征。结果显示, 海马齿的花、叶、茎和根样本中, 共检出14种脂肪酸, 根中的脂肪酸种类数相对最多; 多不饱和脂肪酸在花和叶中的含量(平均分别为56.46%和60.23%)总体大于茎和根(平均分别为41.56%和44.45%)。茎、叶中共检出86种挥发性有机物, 蘑菇醇为优势种类。越冬后脂肪酸和挥发性有机物种类数量显著降低, 多不饱和脂肪酸比例在冻伤植株中显著升高; 就植株脂质营养指数而言, 耐受越冬低温的植株其脂质营养品质提高。越冬造成海马齿两类化合物发生显著变化, 其中C18脂肪酸代谢响应有重要贡献, C18: 3(n-3)和蘑菇醇分别是脂肪酸与挥发性物质中最为重要的两个代谢产物, 可能与抗冻应激有密切关系。本研究为推广海马齿种植以构建可持续近海生态修复体系提供了参考。 相似文献
14.
-The detritus from the decomposition of dead plant materials of Spartina with great biomass provides abundant food for the heterotrophs in estuarine and nearshore coastal waters. It is for this reason that the decomposition rates of S. anglica and S. alterniflora near the estuary of obsolete Huanghe River were studied. The changes in nutritive components during decomposition are also studied.Results showed that the decomposition rate of dead leaves of S. anglica on ultra-low marsh was about 90% for the first year. In the eighth month, it was 80% and 76 % respectively for S. anglica and S. alterniflora on low marsh. Protein content of the two species of Spartina increased in the course of decomposition, with a maximum increment of 100% or more. The energy value also increased, whereas cellulose content decreased markedly. The percentage content of ash and lipid varied significantly with zonal differences. 相似文献
15.
利用1959年和2000—2009年6月份在南黄海海域进行的7个航次海洋调查采样样品,并结合同步温盐资料及海温长期变化数据,研究了不同浮游动物功能群丰度的年际变化。结果表明:大型甲壳类和毛颚类功能群丰度高且波动幅度较大,在1959年和2000—2009年两个时期无明显差异,最低值分别出现在2003年和2000年;而中华哲水蚤为优势种的大型桡足类功能群丰度在2000—2009年显著高于1959年,波动范围分别在2035—24500和912—1330ind/m2之间;小型水母和海樽类功能群丰度一般较低,但是在2007年出现暴发式增加,平均丰度分别是其它年份中最高平均丰度的4.8倍和88.5倍。大型甲壳类和毛颚类分别在东部冷水团区和中部锋面区波动幅度最大,小型水母和海樽类则是在西部浅水区波动幅度最大。分析认为桡足类丰度增加与营养盐浓度升高和鱼类过度捕捞有关,而胶质生物种群剧烈波动与气候变化引起的环境变异相关。 相似文献
16.
Growth Dynamics in Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract. Amounts of photosynthate in the rhizomes, in photosynthetically inactive basal parts of the leaves and different old leaf blades were examined. Winter leaf growth was supported by mobilisation of starch in the rhizome. This winter growth enables Posidonia oceanica to utilize the increased energy influx in early spring via the substantial leaf area already developed and to approach highest productivity in spring. During summer and autumn considerable concentrations of soluble carbohydrates were found in the leaves and rhizomes. Starch was stored in the rhizomes in concentrations of up to 6.8 % of dry weight. Levels of nitrogen and free amino acids were correlated with growth rates. The percentage of total nitrogen present as free amino acid-nitrogen decreased from November (35 %) to summer (less than 1 %), by which time leaf growth had stopped. In contrast to this, amounts of organic anions were low in winter and spring and reached their maximum in summer.
Within a shoot, sites of leaf growth were characterized by high amounts of total nitrogen and free amino acids (innermost leaves), while carbon Fixation was highest in the leaves #2–#4. Particularly high concentrations of soluble carbohydrates were found midway along leaf blades.
It is evident that this unusual growth rhythm of Posidonia oceanica was only possible because of the ability to store considerable amounts of carbon and nitrogen in the rhizomes.
The results of this investigation demonstrate on the one hand that the chemical composition of the plant is strongly correlated with growth and production, and on the other hand that it is dependent on environmental factors, such as energy influx and temperature, which change with season. 相似文献
Within a shoot, sites of leaf growth were characterized by high amounts of total nitrogen and free amino acids (innermost leaves), while carbon Fixation was highest in the leaves #2–#4. Particularly high concentrations of soluble carbohydrates were found midway along leaf blades.
It is evident that this unusual growth rhythm of Posidonia oceanica was only possible because of the ability to store considerable amounts of carbon and nitrogen in the rhizomes.
The results of this investigation demonstrate on the one hand that the chemical composition of the plant is strongly correlated with growth and production, and on the other hand that it is dependent on environmental factors, such as energy influx and temperature, which change with season. 相似文献
17.
18.
Jebali J Banni M Gerbej H Boussetta H López-Barea J Alhama J 《Marine environmental research》2008,65(4):358-363
Metallothionein was quantified in sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with different Cu, Cd and Hg doses (50-250 microg kg(-1) wet wt) after 48 h exposure. A distinct peak with 16.8 min retention time was obtained by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection (RP-HPLC-FD) with the three metals. Total metallothionein levels assayed in unheated liver extracts by RP-HPLC-FD were significantly higher (1.3-1.95-fold) than those obtained by the well-established spectrophotometric method. In the RP-HPLC-FD method, metallothionein increased linearly with Cu and Hg doses, being saturated beyond 100 mug kg(-1) Cd. Maximum induction was obtained at 100 microg kg(-1) Cd (5.3-fold), and 250 microg kg(-1) Cu or Hg (8- and 5.1-fold, respectively). At low doses no metallothionein induction was shown by the less sensitive spectrophotometric assay. 相似文献
19.
凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)池塘生物膜低碳养殖技术研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用水体中设置生物膜净水栅对比实验的方法, 在6口土池开展生物膜原位修复技术对土池半咸水养殖凡纳滨对虾的节能减排、养殖效益及机理的研究。结果表明, 在135d的养殖期间, 处理组水质的pH、TAN、NO2-N、无机氮和无机磷浓度分别显著低于对照组7.5%、78.8%、76.2%、53.2%和66.1% (P<0.05), DO浓度极显著高于对照组13.5% (P<0.01); 弧菌数极显著低于对照组66% (P<0.01), 细菌总数、硅藻相对密度、藻类生物多样性指数分别极显著高于对照组206%、173%、25.6% (P<0.01), 藻类密度、蓝藻相对密度分别显著低于对照组64.7%、70% (P<0.05); 生物膜上的细菌总数高达5.8×109CFU/g, 而弧菌数为零; 虾养殖成活率、虾起捕规格、虾产量分别极显著高于对照组62.5%、53.9%、150% (P<0.01), 饲料系数极显著低于对照组26.8% (P<0.01), 处理组每公顷池塘养虾增加利润约22.1万元。池塘生物膜低碳养殖技术具有成本低、节能减排、增产增收、操作简便与易推广等优点, 具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
20.
Abstract. The supply of nitrogen (N) often limits the productivity of marine macrophytes. In vitro and in vivo assays of glutamine synthetase (GS) activity were employed to investigate patterns of N assimilation by the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) DELILE. Biomass-specific GS activity wa measured in root tissue, in leaves within a shoot, in shoots collected at two sites during two season and over a depth range of 5–33 m. Root tissue was less important than shoot tissue in assimilating inorganic N in P. oceanica , due both to the small roots' biomass (ca. 3% of total plant biomass and greatly lower (10- to 50-fold) GS activities. While the GS activity and N assimilatory potentia (biomass × GS activity; μmol N-h--1 ) were greatest in leaf 2, leaves 1 and 3–5 assimilated N a significant rates. Shoots from a site characterized by elevated N availability in the winter water column and no significant sediment N reservoir exhibited GS activities that were 9-times higher than shoot from a more oligotrophic site. Shoot GS activities in July increased linearly from 5 to 33 m and wer correlated with light availability as defined by Hsat , (daily period during which photosynthetic reaction are light-saturated). This may represent metabolic compensation by P. oceanica to maintain N influx. Factors contributing to the ecological success of P. oceanica include the ability to assimilate N under conditions of severe light limitation (< 35 μmol photons. m-2 . s-1 ), and metabolic plasticity to ensur the de novo generation of N-containing organic compounds. 相似文献