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1.
近年来辽河坳陷潜山及非常规油气勘探不断取得突破,以往的资源评价成果已不足以支撑油气勘探部署。从基本石油地质条件入手,剖析了潜山、火山岩领域常规油及页岩油、致密油成藏地质条件与主控因素,建立了源储侧向对接型成藏、源外断层—不整合输导型成藏、源内或近源聚集型成藏及源储一体页岩油成藏等模式。采用以类比法为主导,以成因法、统计法为补充的综合评价方法,预测辽河坳陷常规石油资源量为40.96×10~8t,其中,碎屑岩领域资源量为27.39×10~8t,潜山领域资源量为11.42×10~8 t,火成岩领域资源量为2.15×10~8 t。采用小面元容积法,预测页岩油资源量为3.56×10~8t,致密油资源量为1.92×10~8 t。根据剩余石油资源分布和油藏形成条件,优选出有利勘探区带:兴隆台构造带、曙北—高升构造带、荣胜堡构造带和静安堡构造带是潜山油藏勘探有利区带;欢曙斜坡带、牛居—青龙台构造带、静西陡坡带和冷东—雷家构造带是碎屑岩油藏勘探主攻区带;小洼—月海构造带、大平房—葵花岛构造带、榆树台—盖州滩构造带是潜山和碎屑岩油藏兼探区带;黄于热—黄沙坨构造带是火山岩油藏勘探有利区带;西部凹陷雷家地区油页岩和大民屯凹陷西陡坡砂砾岩体分别是页岩油和致密油勘探有利目标。 相似文献
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油气资源是油气工业的基础,随着油气勘探工作的不断深入,油气勘探形势发生了明显变化,亟需评价落实国内常规与非常规油气资源潜力,明确剩余油气资源的重点勘探领域与有利勘探方向,夯实油气资源家底.中国石油天然气集团公司以近十几年来油气勘探成果、地质认识成果与资料积累成果为基础,攻关形成常规与非常规油气资源评价方法技术体系,系统开展了第四次油气资源评价,评价结果显示我国常规石油地质资源量1 080.31×108 t,技术可采资源量272.50×108 t;常规天然气地质资源量78×1012 m3,技术可采资源量48.45×1012 m3.我国非常规油气资源非常丰富,非常规石油地质资源量672.08×108 t,技术可采资源量151.81×108 t;非常规天然气地质资源量284.95×1012 m3,技术可采资源量89.3×1012 m3.其中,致密油地质资源量125.80×108 t,油砂油地质资源量12.55×108 t,油页岩油地质资源量533.73×108 t;致密砂岩气地质资源量21.86×1012 m3,页岩气地质资源量80.21×1012 m3,煤层气地质资源量29.82×1012 m3,天然气水合物153.06×1012 m3.我国陆上常规剩余油气资源主要分布在岩性-地层（碎屑岩）、复杂构造（碎屑岩）、海相碳酸盐岩、前陆冲断带四大重点领域.其中,陆上剩余石油资源主要分布在岩性-地层（碎屑岩）、复杂构造（碎屑岩）两大领域,陆上剩余天然气资源主要分布在海相碳酸盐岩、前陆冲断带两大领域.海域油气资源主要分布在构造、生物礁、深水岩性3个领域. 相似文献
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渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷沧东凹陷的主要烃源岩层系为古近系孔店组二段,它生成的油气主要富集于孔店组和沙河街组储层中。在石油地质条件综合分析的基础上,以孔二段优质烃源岩为核心,建立了源上孔一段构造-岩性油藏、源侧孔二段地层-岩性油藏和源内页岩油等3种成藏模式。采用改进的成因法进行常规油与页岩油资源评价,其核心思想是用剥离计算的生烃量、排烃量及残留烃量进行约束,采用多参数类比法计算运聚系数并评价常规油资源,采用质量含油率法评价页岩油资源。评价结果表明:沧东凹陷孔店组常规石油资源量约为6.9×10~8 t,页岩油资源量约为6.8×10~8 t;孔店组剩余石油资源分布在源上孔一段构造-岩性油藏、中低斜坡区地层-岩性油藏和湖盆中心区页岩油等3大领域。页岩油资源潜力巨大,是未来最主要的勘探接替领域。 相似文献
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致密油的勘探开发,使松辽盆地南部的石油资源结构发生了较大变化,因此需要开展新一轮系统的资源评价。松辽盆地南部石油资源主要分布于中浅层,中浅层发育下部、中部和上部等3套成藏组合,常规油在3个组合中均有分布,致密油发育于下组合。对于常规油,建立了构造、构造-岩性和岩性等3种类型的刻度区,划分了13个评价单元,资源评价方法以统计法和类比法为主;对于致密油,建立了1个刻度区,按照渗透率大小划分了3个评价单元,资源评价方法采用了资源丰度分类类比法、小面元容积法。评价结果显示:松辽盆地南部中浅层石油资源量约为32.2×10~8t,其中常规油资源量为22.5×10~8 t,致密油资源量为9.7×10~8 t;剩余石油资源量约10×10~8 t,其中,常规油为5.7×10~8 t,主要分布于高台子油层和萨尔图油层,致密油为4.3×10~8 t,主要分布于扶余油层。大情字井地区的高台子油层和乾安地区的扶余油层,是近期—中期勘探的重点区带。 相似文献
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为了落实松辽盆地北部中浅层常规油与致密油的资源潜力,明确勘探方向,在系统总结烃源岩、储层等基本石油地质条件的基础上,分析了常规油与致密油成藏模式及主控因素,采用类比法和成因法计算了常规油与致密油资源量,研究了剩余资源分布特征,指出了下步勘探方向。松辽盆地晚白垩世发育青山口组和嫩江组2套分布广、厚度大、有机质丰度高、有机质类型好的优质烃源岩。中央坳陷区青山口组一段、二段烃源岩处于成熟阶段,生排烃能力强,是常规油和致密油的主力烃源岩。大型湖泊三角洲—河流沉积的各种砂体与烃源岩形成了良好的生储盖配置,构成了盆地的上、中、下3套含油气组合,其中致密油主要分布于中部含油组合的高台子油层和下部含油组合的扶余油层。常规油成藏主要具有下生上储、上生下储及异地生储3种模式,致密油成藏主要有自生自储和上生下储2种模式,有效烃源岩控制了常规油油藏和致密油油藏分布,沉积相带控制了常规油油藏类型,储层物性控制了致密油富集。在烃源岩精细评价的基础上,采用盆地模拟法计算的石油总资源量为102×10~8 t;通过系统解剖6个常规油和3个致密油区带刻度区,采用类比法精细评价的常规油资源量为88.7×10~8 t,致密油资源量为12.7×10~8 t。常规油中的葡萄花油层剩余资源潜力大,是近期勘探的主力层系,古龙、长垣和三肇等地区是主要的勘探有利区;长垣、三肇和齐家—古龙的扶余油层是致密油勘探的有利区。 相似文献
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向湖盆中心和深层寻找油气勘探新领域已成为未来主要发展方向。二连盆地剩余油气资源量达8亿吨，主要分布于各富油凹陷洼槽区，以非常规资源形式富存，页岩油潜力巨大。本文通过对富油凹陷洼槽区非常规油气地质特征、成藏富集机理和成藏模式开展研究，总结提升断陷小湖盆洼槽区非常规油气地质理论认识。研究表明：二连盆地多个洼槽区发育互层型页岩油聚集，富集于洼槽区边缘，存在腾二期(120 Ma)未致密先成藏和赛汉期(105 Ma)边致密边成藏(先致密后成藏)两期成藏过程；高充注动力富集区，砂体规模控制页岩油富集程度，低充注动力洼槽区内甜点储层发育及规模控制页岩油富集程度；二连盆地夹层型页岩油存在两种富集机理，即“储层主控”和“生烃主控”。据此，构建了二连盆地斜坡带-洼槽区“常非共存、有序分布、满洼汇聚、差异富集”的全油藏系列成藏模式，研究成果坚定了深入湖盆内部寻找烃源灶边缘互层型页岩油及烃源灶内夹层型页岩油的勘探信心。 相似文献
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通过对柴达木盆地石油地质条件的分析,总结建立了富烃凹陷古构造成藏、源外古隆起-古斜坡成藏、源上晚期构造成藏以及富烃凹陷周缘斜坡致密油-岩性成藏等4类石油成藏模式,优选类比法和成因法客观评价了盆地不同区带、不同区块、不同层系的常规油及致密油资源,得出常规油地质资源量为29.59×10~8 t,致密油资源量为8.58×10~8 t。结合盆地石油勘探现状,理清了剩余常规石油地质资源及其分布,明确柴西地区为剩余常规石油地质资源最丰富、资源丰度最大的地区。指出盆缘古隆起及斜坡区、盆内凹陷-斜坡区、盆内大型晚期构造带是近期重点勘探领域:狮子沟—大乌斯构造带、油泉子—开特米里克构造带、阿尔金山前西段是常规石油有利勘探目标,柴西南区的跃东—扎哈泉—乌南和红柳泉—跃进一带,以及柴西北区的小梁山—南翼山等地区是致密油勘探现实有利区。 相似文献
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油气资源是油气工业的基础,极大地关系到国民经济的发展。近年来,我国的石油勘探形势发生了明显的变化:年新增石油探明储量下降,石油年产量连续3年(2016—2018年)下降,2018年石油对外依存度高达73%。因此,亟需对油气资源状况开展全面客观的评价,夯实国内常规与非常规油气资源的基础,明确剩余油气资源的重点勘探领域与有利勘探方向。中石油以近十几年来取得的油气勘探成果、地质认识成果与资料积累成果为基础,攻关形成常规与非常规油气资源评价方法技术体系,针对中石油矿权区及全国主要含油气盆地系统开展了第四次油气资源评价。评价结果显示:我国常规石油地质资源量约为1080×10~8 t;非常规石油地质资源量为672.08×10~8 t,其中包括致密油125.80×10~8 t,油页岩油533.73×10~8t,油砂油12.55×10~8 t。陆上常规剩余石油资源主要分布在岩性-地层(碎屑岩)、复杂构造2大重点领域;海域石油资源主要集中在海域构造、生物礁和深水岩性3个领域。在剩余石油资源分析的基础上,优选出常规石油现实有利目标区带20个,致密油有利目标区带12个,油页岩油露天挖掘目标6个、原位改质目标4个,油砂油有利目标5个。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地中生界油气资源丰富,三叠系延长组和侏罗系延安组是主力含油层系。在鄂尔多斯盆地石油地质条件研究的基础上,提出沉积相、输导体系、异常压力和构造为中生界成藏的主要控制因素,建立了三叠系延长组大型岩性油藏模式和侏罗系古地貌控藏模式,并结合盆地勘探成果,精细评价了鄂尔多斯盆地石油地质资源量,预测了油气资源的空间分布。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地石油地质资源量约为146.50×10~8 t,其中常规油资源量为116.50×10~8 t,致密油资源量为30.00×10~8 t;按层系分,三叠系石油资源量为137.20×10~8 t,侏罗系石油资源量为9.30×10~8 t。盆地剩余资源量为96.93×10~8 t,姬塬、陇东和志靖—安塞等地区,是长庆油田的规模储量区,仍然是未来勘探的主要区域。延长组长6、长8油层组和侏罗系是下一步勘探的重点层系;延长组下部的长9、长10油层组为新的目标层系;长7油层组致密油具有较大的勘探潜力。 相似文献
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冀中坳陷勘探开发程度较高,但因其断裂异常发育、构造严重破碎,油气藏特征十分复杂,致使进一步勘探开发的难度较大。该文通过对冀中坳陷油藏地质特征、油气富集控制因素和圈闭类型模式的再认识,提出了两大类六种富油圈闭类型模式;较为系统地总结了近几年滚动勘探开发的具体作法,建立了一套适应于冀中坳陷复杂地质特点的滚动勘探开发程序,实践中有效地提高了经济效益。文章给出的五项启示为该类油区进一步的滚动勘探开发提供了借鉴。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
18.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
19.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献