发展新一代矿产勘探技术——澳大利亚玻璃地球计划的启示   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文

刘树臣 《地质与勘探》2003,39(5):53-56

在全球矿产勘查日益萎缩的今天，人们极为重视发展新一代大型矿床的勘探技术。澳大利亚最近开展了一项雄心勃勃的计划，即玻璃地球计划，目的是研制三维可视化和地质模拟等技术，使大陆表层一千米“像玻璃一样透明”。该计划以信息技术为核心，注重技术之间的综合。从中得到的启示是，应以提高精度为出发点，加强矿产勘查技术综合示范工作；以信息技术为核心，大力发展三维可视化技术和模拟技术；注重多部门的协作，发挥社会主义集中力量办大事的优越性。  相似文献   

Implications of Analcime Hydrothermally Formed from Na-alumino-borosilicate Glasses Containing Cs and Sr for the Stability of High-level Radioactive Waste Form     

Wook Sohn    Tetsuya Shoji  Hiroaki Kaneda  Teruaki Ishii 《Resource Geology》2003,53(1):51-59

Abstract. In order to know the behaviors of radioactive elements such as cesium and strontium during a hydrothermal alteration of borosilicate glass of radioactive waste, some alumino-borosilicate glasses belonging to the systems Na₂O-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂-SrO, Na₂O-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂-Cs₂O and Na₂O-Al₂-O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂-SrO-Cs₂O have been treated hydrothermally at 200C under a vapor pressure of 1.54 MPa. The result shows that all glasses are changed into crystalline phases with running time up to 60 days, and that analcime-type zeolite is formed as a major product. The formed zeolite is shown to contain cesium and/or strontium. Considering the fact that natural zeolite occurs in wide physicochemical conditions including hydrothermal one, the analcime-type zeolite is expected to fix stably the radioactive elements in the disposal site. Since aluminum is necessary for the formation of the analcime-type zeolite, the waste glass should have aluminum as one of major components.  相似文献   

The 1996 Eruption of Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka: Historical Record of Basaltic Replenishment of an Andesite Reservoir   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

IZBEKOV  PAVEL E.; EICHELBERGER  JOHN C.; IVANOV  BORIS V. 《Journal of Petrology》2004,45(11):2325-2345

The simultaneous eruption in 1996 of andesite from Karymskyvolcano and of basalt from the Academy Nauk vent 6 km away appearsto provide a case of mafic recharge of an andesite reservoirfor which the time of recharge is exactly known and direct samplesof the recharging magma are available. The explosive phreato-magmaticeruption of basalt was terminated in less than 24 h, whereasandesite erupted continuously during the following 4 years.Detailed petrological study of volcanic ash, bombs and lavasof Karymsky andesite erupted during the period 1996–1999provides evidence for basaltic replenishment at the beginningof the eruptive cycle, as well as a record of compositionalvariations within the Karymsky magma reservoir induced by basalticrecharge. Shortly after the beginning of the eruption the compositionof the matrix glass of the Karymsky tephra became more maficand then, within 2 months, gradually returned to its originalstate and remained almost constant for the following 3 years.Further evidence for basaltic replenishment is provided by thepresence of xenocrysts of basaltic origin in the andesite ofKarymsky. A conspicuous portion of the plagioclase phenocrystsin the Karymsky andesite has calcic cores, with compositionsand textures resembling those of plagioclases in the AcademyNauk basalt. Similarly, the earlier portion of the andesiteof the eruption sequence contains rare olivines, which occuras resorbed cores in pyroxenes. The composition of the olivinematches that of olivines in the Academy Nauk basalt. The sequenceof events appears to be: (1) injection of basaltic magma intothe Karymsky chamber with immediate, compensating expulsionof pre-existing chamber magma from the Karymsky central vent;(2) direct mixing of basaltic and andesitic magmas with dispersalof phenocrysts associated with the basalt throughout the andesiteso that newly mixed magma appeared at the vent within 2 months;(3) re-establishment of thermal and chemical equilibrium withinthe reservoir involving crystallization in the new hybrid liquid,which returned the melt composition to ‘normal’,formed rims on inherited calcic plagioclase, and caused theresorption of dispersed olivine xenocrysts. Taken together,these findings indicate that the Karymsky magma reservoir wasrecharged by basalt at the onset of the 1996 eruptive cycle.The rapidity and thoroughness of mixing of the basalt with thepre-existing andesite probably reflects the modest contrastin temperature, viscosity, and density between the two magmas. KEY WORDS: Karymsky; Kamchatka; magma mixing; andesite; volcanic glass; plagioclase  相似文献   

Preliminary Characterisation of New Glass Reference Materials (GSA-1G, GSC-1G, GSD-1G and GSE-1G) by Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Using 193 nm, 213 nm and 266 nm Wavelengths   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

Marcel Guillong  Kathrin Hametner  Eric Reusser  Stephen A. Wilson  Detlef Günther 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2005,29(3):315-331

New glass reference materials GSA-1G, GSC-1G, GSD-1G and GSE-1G have been characterised using a prototype solid state laser ablation system capable of producing wavelengths of 193 nm, 213 nm and 266 nm. This system allowed comparison of the effects of different laser wavelengths under nearly identical ablation and ICP operating conditions. The wavelengths 213 nm and 266 nm were also used at higher energy densities to evaluate the influence of energy density on quantitative analysis. In addition, the glass reference materials were analysed using commercially available 266 nm Nd:YAG and 193 nm ArF excimer lasers. Laser ablation analysis was carried out using both single spot and scanning mode ablation. Using laser ablation ICP-MS, concentrations of fifty-eight elements were determined with external calibration to the NIST SRM 610 glass reference material. Instead of applying the more common internal standardisation procedure, the total concentration of all element oxide concentrations was normalised to 100%. Major element concentrations were compared with those determined by electron microprobe. In addition to NIST SRM 610 for external calibration, USGS BCR-2G was used as a more closely matrix-matched reference material in order to compare the effect of matrix-matched and non matrix-matched calibration on quantitative analysis. The results show that the various laser wavelengths and energy densities applied produced similar results, with the exception of scanning mode ablation at 266 nm without matrix-matched calibration where deviations up to 60% from the average were found. However, results acquired using a scanning mode with a matrix-matched calibration agreed with results obtained by spot analysis. The increased abundance of large particles produced when using a scanning ablation mode with NIST SRM 610, is responsible for elemental fractionation effects caused by incomplete vaporisation of large particles in the ICP.  相似文献   

A 560–440 ka tephra record from the Mercure Basin,southern Italy: volcanological and tephrostratigraphic implications          下载免费PDF全文

BIAGIO GIACCIO  PAOLO GALLI  EDOARDO PERONACE  ILENIA ARIENZO  SEBASTIEN NOMADE  GIAN PAOLO CAVINATO  MARCO MANCINI  PAOLO MESSINA  GIANLUCA SOTTILI 《第四纪科学杂志》2014,29(3):232-248

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Evidence for a shock-metamorphic breccia within a buried impact crater,Lake Raeside,Yilgarn Craton,Western Australia     

A. Glikson  A. Hickman  R. Crossley 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,63(1):99-109

Mineral exploration drilling 60 km west of Leonora in 2008 intersected >95 m of poorly consolidated granitoid-dominated breccia at the base of a Cenozoic paleochannel beneath Lake Raeside. The breccia, initially interpreted as a kimberlite, is composed of poorly consolidated fragments of granitic gneiss, felsite and metamorphosed mafic rock within a matrix of fine to medium-grained breccia. Microscopic examination revealed quartz grains displaying well-developed planar deformation features (PDFs) dominated by the ω? {1013} planar set, diaplectic silica glass and diaplectic plagioclase glass. These features constitute the diagnostic hallmarks of shock metamorphism owing to high-velocity impact of a large meteorite or asteroid. The PDFs in quartz grains of the breccia are distinctly different from metamorphic deformation lamellae produced tectonically or in diatremes. Airborne total magnetic intensity data suggest an outline of an 11 km-diameter crater, consistent with the significant thickness of the shock-metamorphosed breccia at >95 m, suggestive of the existence of a large impact structure.  相似文献   

冲绳海槽浮岩研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘崇保 《岩石矿物学杂志》1989,8(3):193-202

目前国内外对冲绳海槽槽底火山岩的研究尚处在初级阶段。笔者对槽底八个样点的浮岩进行了系统的矿物岩石学研究。本文首次对酸性浮岩的中、基性火山岩包体进行了研究,揭示了酸性浮岩下部有相当面积的玄武岩及安山岩存在的事实。旨次提出海槽浮岩具有由基性→酸性较完整的火山活动旋回的认识。提出酸性浮岩是基性熔浆演化到后期的产物的观点,从而解释了存在多年的关于冲绳海槽构造问题争议中的焦点问题之一——“冲绳海槽既为弧后盆地,何以有大量酸性火山岩分布”的质疑。提出冲绳海槽浮岩属于岛弧火山岩的观点,对冲绳海槽构造的科学认识起了一定的积极作用。  相似文献   

核爆炸玻璃、撞击玻璃和玻璃陨石源岩   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

林文祝  欧阳自远 《地质科学》1991,(2):148-158

本文根据核爆炸岩石熔融玻璃的地球化学研究结果,与超速陨石撞击坑的熔岩进行比较,获得在远离热力学平衡条件下,各种玻璃和熔岩在化学成分上分布十分均匀的重要结论。岩石玻璃和熔岩是由基岩各组成岩石按一定比例混合熔融形成的。它们的主量元素和痕量元素丰度受基岩元素背景值制约。文中根据熔体和靶岩的化学成分,计算了熔岩各组成岩石的百分比。玻璃陨石是地壳岩石受撞击熔融形成的。同一撒布区的玻璃陨石化学成分相近,说明起源于同一源坑;而玻璃陨石化学成分的不同,则说明母岩组成分量的差异。因此,文中通过模拟计算,得出各玻璃陨石的组成源岩。澳大利亚撒布区的玻璃陨石,Al₂O₃,K₂O 和Na₂O 与 SiO₂及 K₂O/Na₂O 比值不完全相同,说明澳大利亚撒布区存在着几个不同的源岩和源坑,至少有印支、爪哇、菲律宾和澳大利亚四个相应撞击坑。  相似文献   

玻璃微珠折射率测定     

余模智 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1994,(4)

提出了一种测量直径小于１ｍｍ的玻璃珠折射率的新技术，其精度可达１０－４，比常规的浸液法测量方便而又精确．  相似文献   

光学测微器的原理、检定及误差分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

路杰 《测绘信息与工程》2002,27(4):23-24

着重讨论了高精度光学测微器的基本工作原理、检定方法及误差分析。  相似文献